Book on Moving Dimensions Theory Due Out in Fall 05

[astro]

Moving Dimensions Theory

By Dr. E

http://physicsmathforums.com

Questions Addressed by MDT:

Why is the speed of light constant in all frames?

Why are light and energy quantized?

How can matter display both wave and particle properties?

Why are there non-local effects in quantum mechanics?

Why does time stop at the speed of light?

How come a photon does not age?

Why are inertial mass and gravitational mass the same thing?

Why do moving bodies exhibit length contraction?

Why are mass and energy equivalent?

Why does time’s arrow point in the direction it points in? Why entropy?

Why do photons appear as spherically-symmetric wavefronts traveling with the velocity c?

Why is there a minus sign in the following metric? x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2=s^2

What deeper reality underlies Einstein’s postulates of relativity?

What deeper reality underlies Newton’s laws?

What underlies the laws of Inertia?

Why does general relativity fail at short distances? Why does quantum mechanics dominate at short distances?

Why have so many great minds, Einestin, Godel, Wheeler, Hawking, and Penrose called for a new conception of time?

If at first the idea is not absurd, then there is no hope for it.

--Albert Einstein

If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.

--Isaac Newton

Max Planck, the father of quantum theory, felt that the pioneer scientist must have "a vivid intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction, but by artistically creative imagination."

An important scientific innovation rarely makes its way by gradually winning over and converting its opponents: What does happen is that the opponents gradually die out.


--Max Planck


Moving Dimensions Theory (MDT)

Today I am writing regarding Moving Dimensions Theory—a deeper model for explaining diverse phenomena in both quantum mechanics and relativity.



The General Postulate of Moving Dimensions Theory:

The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



The Specific Postulate of Moving Dimensions Theory:

The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c in quantized units of the Planck length.



Relativistic, classical, and quantum mechanical phenomena, as well as time itself, are emergent properties of this fundamental principle. Newton’s laws, the principle of Inertia, Einstein’s postulates, and the inherent wave-particle duality of QM may be explained with this model.



A few years back, while surfing a towering wave on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, a beautiful thought occurred to me. Suppose the wave I was riding represented a coordinate in a dimension. Then although I was approaching shore, I was not moving in this dimension.

The dimension itself was moving with me—I was surfing the dimension. In a flash I saw that that is why photons never age—they are moving along with the fourth dimension, and thus stationary relative to it. In another flash I saw that that is why a photon’s space-time interval is represented by a null vector, or a 0, no matter how far it travels. Indeed Einstein stated that an object’s velocity through space-time was always c—even stationary objects are traveling at the velocity c through time! How could this be, were it not for a fourth expanding dimension, which matter could surf as photons, giving rise to our notion of time? And so it is that Moving Dimensions Theory was born as the wave crested and crashed about me, thundering on down, as I fought to remain surfing amidst the foam, facing the setting sun silhouetting the Hatteras light.



And the waves kept on crashing that night. The nonlocal EPR paradox/effect could be explained by the underlying nonlocality of an expanding fourth dimension. The equivalence of mass and energy, the wave-particle duality of all light and matter, the constant speed of light—it could all be understood via a single principle of Moving Dimensions Theory: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. MDT reached back thousands of years to resolve Zeno’s paradox, then voyaged forth to ease Godel’s, Einstein’s, Hawking’s, and Penrose’s concerns with the paradoxical nature of a block universe, and arrived in the present, quelling the oft exaggerated conflicts between relativity and quantum mechanics, and pointing the way to the future by accounting for time’s arrow and entropy herself. At long last GR and QM could be married in theory as harmoniously as they are in nature with Moving Dimensions Theory’s simple postulate:



The General Postulate of Moving Dimensions Theory:

The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



The Specific Postulate of Moving Dimensions Theory:

The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c in quantized units of the Planck length.



Classical physics, quantum mechanics, and relativity descend from this simple postulate. Light, and thus all energy, is quantized as the dimension which transports it expands in a quantized manner. Light travels at a constant velocity in all frames because velocity is measured relative to time which is measured relative to the light that is transported by the fourth expanding dimension. Thus both fundamental constants h and c emerge from the fundamental nature of the expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions. And thus MDT provides a simple, unifying postulate accounting for the classical, relativistic, and quantum mechanical properties of this universe.



And it’s always been simple postulates, as opposed to abstruse mathematics and mythologies, that have furthered physics.



Moving Dimensions Theory Can Unify GR & QM:



By offering an underlying reality from where both branches of physics emerge—an underlying reality of a fourth dimension expanding relative to three spatial dimensions, MDT unifies relativity and quantum mechanics not with indecipherable mathematical mythologies, but with a simple postulate. MDT explains quantum mechanical effects such as wave-particle duality, the EPR effect, and the quantization of light and energy, as well as the two postulates of relativity: the speed of light is constant in all inertial frames and the laws of physics are the same for all inertial observers. MDT also explains relativistic effects such as time dilation and length contraction. The beauty of Moving Dimensions Theory is that it explains properties of quantum mechanics and relativity in the deeper context of a unified framework, opening a door to a deeper physical reality—the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



The Purpose of Physics



The purpose of physics has ever been to unify diverse physical phenomena with simple postulates, laws, and formulas reflecting the deeper physical reality. MDT unifies relativity and quantum mechanics by positing that they are both emergent properties of moving dimensions. MDT’s simple postulate—the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions—offers the first satisfactory explanation of the Einstein Podolsky Rosen (EPR) effect and the nonlocal behavior inherent to the math and physical reality of quantum mechanics. Time itself is viewed not as the fourth dimension, but as an emergent phenomena arising from the expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions. This logic alleviates a confusion of time with an actual fourth dimension where one can travel back and forth at will, thus addressing Godel’s, Einstein’s, Hawking’s, Barbour’s, and Penrose’s concerns about frozen time, and accounting for time’s relentless arrow, the second law of thermodynamics, and entropy.



This is but a brief treatment of a much larger project.



The General Postulate of Moving Dimensions Theory:

The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



The Specific Postulate of Moving Dimensions Theory:



The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c in quantized units of the Planck length.



From this postulate arise all observable phenomena in quantum mechanics and relativity, including the following:



The Constant Velocity of Light:



Light travels with constant velocity of c, because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c. Light, or energy, is matter rotated completely into the expanding fourth dimension, orthogonal to the three spatial dimensions. No matter how fast a spaceship is traveling, when it turns its lights on, the light can only propagate as fast as the expanding fourth dimension can carry it.



The Constant Velocity of Light in All Inertial Frames:



The velocity of light is always measured relative to the velocity of time, and the velocity of time is always measured relative to the velocity of light. This tautology assures us that the velocity of light will always be the same for all observers in all inertial frames, as the velocity of light is being measured relative to the velocity of light in that frame. However, as demonstrated by experiments, time and light travel slower close to gravitational masses, when measured from distant frames.



What is Time?



Time is an emergent property of the underlying reality that a fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. All our measurements of time are based on the emission and propagation of photons, and all photons propagate by surfing the expanding fourth dimension. So it is that time inherits properties of the fourth dimension, but time is not the fourth dimension.



Too many physicists have extended dimensional properties to the notion of time, rather than realizing that time is an emergent property tied closely to a fourth expanding dimension. Because our notions of time are linked to change, and because all change is linked to the emission and propagation of photons, and because all photons propagate in the expanding fourth dimension, time has naturally been confused with the fourth dimension. Because the fourth dimension is expanding in quantized units, macroscopic objects never make it any deeper into the fourth dimension than a quantum unit.



Einstein On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies



In On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, Einstein wrote, “Examples of this sort, together with the unsuccessful attempts to discover any motion of the earth relatively to the ‘light medium,’ suggest that the phenomena of electrodynamics as well as of mechanics possess no properties corresponding to the idea of absolute rest.” There is no frame of absolute rest, because the fourth dimension is expanding at a constant rate equally in all directions. No relative motion of the earth was ever discovered relative to the ‘light medium,’ because the light medium is the fourth dimension which is expanding equally in all directions. All of our notions of velocity are measured with respect to time, and all our notions of time are wed inherently to the propagation of energy, which is only propagating because it surfs the crest of the expanding fourth dimension.

Einstein continues, “They suggest that, as already has been shown to the first order of small quantities, the same laws of electrodynamics and optics will be valid for all frames of reference for which the equations of mechanics hold good. We will raise this conjecture (the purport of which will hereafter be called the “Principle of Relativity”) to the status of a postulate, and also introduce another postulate, which is only apparently irreconcilable with the former, namely, that light is always propagated in empty space with a definite velocity c which is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body. These two postulates suffice for the attainment of a simple and consistent theory of the electrodynamics of moving bodies based on Maxwell’s theory for stationary bodies. The introduction of a “luminiferous ether” will prove to be superfluous inasmuch as the view here to be developed will not require an ‘absolutely stationary space’ provide with special properties, nor assign a velocity-vector to a point of the empty space in which electromagnetic processes take place.” Again, there is no ether in the classical sense, but there is a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the constant rate of c in units of the Planck length.



Time Dilation



As one approaches the velocity of light, one catches up with the fundamental expansion of the fourth dimension, and there is a smaller chance for a photon being emitted without being reabsorbed in any process. The expanding fourth dimension is what carries photons away, allowing the electro-chemical transitions that underlie all clocks, be they mechanical, biological, or electronic. Thus time slows for the moving clock, as all time, be it an unwinding clock spring, oscillations in a quartz crystal, or a beating heart, rely on the emission of photons. All photons propagate by surfing the crest of the expanding fourth dimension, and as any object catches up with the expanding dimension, as it is rotated more into the expanding fourth dimension, there is less of a chance that a photon can be emitted to foster the physical change that constitutes aging, and time slows.



Surfing the Fourth Dimension: A Photon as a Spherically Expanding Wavefront:



A photon expands through space in a spherically symmetric manner because the fourth dimension is expanding through the three spatial dimensions in a spherically symmetric manner. A photon “surfs” the crest of the expanding fourth dimension.



Time is not a Dimension:



In certain cases Einstein and other physicists extended the metaphor of dimensions too far to time. For time is not a dimension. Time is consciousness of change, replete with past, present, and future, and cause and effect. The past and future exist only in our minds, one the record of events, and the second a creation of what could be, based on our powers of inductive reasoning, inspiration, and dreams. There is one present for the universe, and although it might be measured differently, there is one absolute present. At every point throughout the universe the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Every tiny point of the fourth dimension is becoming a tiny sphere with a radius of the Planck length, and every tiny point on that tiny sphere is becoming a tiny sphere in its own right. A photon surfs the edge of this expansion, riding the crest, appearing as a spherically-symmetric wavefront, expanding throughout the three spatial dimensions.



Lorentz Contraction:



Relativistic length contraction (Lorentzian Contraction) is always accompanied by an increase in velocity, as the probability that each quantum of the object resides in the time dimension is increased. Relativistic length contraction can be accounted for by the fact that as an object gains velocity its probabilistic wave function, is rotated more into the time dimension, and thus it appears shorter from the persepective of the three spatial dimensions. At the speed of light the object would have to be a photon, so as to be completely orthogonal to the spatial dimension, as any presence or probability that a particle is in the spatial dimnsion means that there is a probability that the time dimension will expand without carrying it along, in essence leaving it behind for that moment it exists in the spatial dimension.



QFT:



The Equivalence of Mass and Energy:



Energy and mass are equivalent, expressed by E=mc^2, because the only difference between mass and energy is the degree to which the matter exists in the fourth dimension that is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions. When matter is rotated into the expanding dimension, it is carried along at the velocity c relative to the three spatial dimensions, and appears as photons. Thus all rest mass has the potential to liberate immense amounts of energy by existing in the expanding fourth dimension, surfing the expanding dimension as photons.



Wave-Particle Duality:



Wave-particle duality is the result of the universe’s existence upon a reality that has three stationary spatial dimensions and one expanding dimension. Freely traveling photons are the extreme case of matter that exists completely in the expanding fourth dimension, orthogonal to the three spatial dimensions. When a freely traveling photon interacts with a measurement device in the stationary dimensions—when it blackens a grain in a photographic plate—it ceases being a wave and is manifested as a particle with a definitive locality as its wave function collapses. When matter exists in the expanding fourth dimension, it is seen as wave, or a photon, or energy. Depending how and when we choose to observe matter determines whether we observe its wave or particle properties. Photons are quantized bundles of energy that propagate at the velocity of c—this is because photons represent matter rotated into the fourth dimension which is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions in a quantized manner, in units of Planck’s length at the rate of c.



Philosophical and Physical Barriers to Moving Dimensions



Many trained physicists have a knee-jerk reaction that the time dimension cannot be moving because “dimensions cannot move.” First off, since the universe is expanding, space-time is also expanding, demonstrating that dimensions are moving and expanding. Secondly, general relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area. GR is a sound theory, backed up with multiple high-profile experiments, including the demonstration that starlight is bent by the sun and the verification that orbiting stars radiate energy in the form of gravity waves. Thus there exist neither philosophical nor physical barriers to the concept of moving dimensions, but for artificial ones within lazy minds.



A curious sign of the times is that physicists will accept on blind faith the existence of ten, twenty, or thirty dimensions, dimensions that are curled up, or too small to measure, and yet they will reel in shock and horror at a perfectly obvious postulate—the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



They are to be forgiven—it has been a long time since a simple postulate has been offered in the realm of physics, and the foreign nature of truth’s simple beauty is seen as a violent affront to the String Theorist’s convoluted sensibilities.



The Mysterious Minus Sign in The Metric



Consider the metric for a space-time interval:



x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2=s^2



Consider the metric for a photon, which travels at the speed of light.



x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2=0



Supposing that it is traveling along the x direction, we can write:



x^2-c^2t^2=0



x^2=c^2t^2



x=ct



Now let us ask a question, as we must certainly be free to ask questions if we are to further physics. For a photon, how is the x coordinate changing relative to the time coordinate? Would not the answer just be the slope of the line in x=ct?



dx/dt=c



And so it is that for the photon—for all photons—the x coordinate is changing at the rate of c relative to the t coordinate.



But no matter how far the photon travels in space, it will have moved the same distance in space-time—0—not at all—the null vector. This is because the time coordinate itself is moving, or more correctly I should state that this is because the fourth dimension which carries photons at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions, and the propagation of photons/energy gives rise to our notions of time. Remember that all time is based on the transportation of energy, or the propagation of photons, so that our notion of time and clocks is inherently wed to the fact that photons propagate at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions, which is inherently wed to the fact that a fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Thus it makes sense that time does not pass for the photon, and too, it makes sense that the distance a photon travels through space-time is defined as the null vector.



Rather than just accepting the minus sign in front of the c^2t^2 as being there because it “just is there,” MDT aims to look at the deeper reality which gives rise to the minus sign. A physicist’s job is not to accept things on blind faith, nor only ask questions that are allowed to be asked, but a physicist’s job is to wonder freely—to roam and range upon the frontiers of logic and reason. And that wonder, which seems all but forgotten in the bureaucratization of modern physics, with its billions of dollars for elegant fabrications woven from string theories which yet leave the Emperor naked, leads to the deeper beauty. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” was how Einstein put it.



The Collapse of the Wave Function:



The collapse of the wave function is also known as an irreversible process, or a measurement, akin to a photon blackening a grain in photographic film, or a photon being measured in front of one slit or the other in a double-slit experiment, whereupon the interference pattern disappears because the slit is ascertained, the wave has collapsed, and the matter exhibits particulate behavior. Before it was measured, the photon expanded through space as a spherically-symmetric wave front, as it was matter surfing the expanding fourth dimension, which is expanding through space in a spherically-symmetric manner. Until the photon interacts with matter, or a measurement device in the lab, the photon has equal probability of existing anywhere upon the crest of the spherically symmetric wavefront, and thus it appears to travel all paths—a physical reality Feynman took advantage of his “many paths” formulation of quantum mechanics.



As Huygen’s principle states that each point on an expanding spherical wavefront is itself an expanding spherical wavefront, the photon also has a probability of appearing earlier along on its journey, or somewhere upon a smaller sphere centered upon its point of origination. But over time the probabilities average out such that the photon surfs along with the crest of the expanding fourth dimension, and it appears to travel at the constant rate of c.



The collapse of the wave function is what happens when matter changes its rotation relative to the time dimension. All measurements entail a transfer of energy, and all measurements thus entail photons leaving the expanding fourth dimension and being trapped in matter that is stationary in an inertial lab frame. Perhaps this is why photons exert no gravity while propagating freely, but do add gravitational mass after their wave functions have collapsed, when they are trapped by electrons within lab measurement apparatuses or photographic film.



The EPR Effect & Nonlocality of Quantum Mechanics:



The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect (EPR) effect, which calls instantaneous action at a distance “spooky,” can be accounted for by the intrinsic nonlocality of an expanding fourth dimension. As a point expands into a tiny sphere in the fourth dimension, it is yet a single locale in that dimension, and hence though two initially interacting particles are separated in the spatial dimensions, they may yet exist in the same place in the time dimension, and hence be connected before they’re measured—before the wave function collapses. Quantum Mechanics exhibits nonlocal properties because the fourth dimension exhibits nonlocal properties, as it is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



Please see the dialogue with Penrose later on.



The Photon’s Null Vector



The null vector of the photon, which remains 0 no matter how far or fast the photon travels in space-time, may be accounted for by the fact that the fourth dimension is moving, and thus the only way to stay still in the four dimensions with an effective null movement, is to move along with, or “surf” the expanding fourth dimension.



The Ageless Photon



A photon does not age. No time passes for a photon. This is because although a photon travels with the velocity c, it stays at the exact same place in the fourth dimension as it surfs the expanding fourth dimension. How else, other than with a moving fourth dimension, can we explain that the only way to stay stationary in the fourth dimension is to move at the velocity of c relative to the three spatial dimensions? And how else, but with a moving fourth dimension, can we explain that any object stationary in the three spatial dimensions is moving with a velocity of c relative to the fourth dimension?



Time is an Emergent Phenomena of Moving Dimensions—It is Not a Dimension

Einstein’s, Penrose's (and many leading physicist’s) mistaken view of “the future being out there” in a block universe arises because physicists misleadingly label “time” the fourth dimension, thus implying that just as we can move anywhere in the three spatial dimensions, such as up and down and back again, so too can we move anywhere in the time dimension, to the past, the future, and back again, implying that both the past and future must exist, as sure as New York and Los Angeles.

But time is not so much the fourth dimension as it is an emergent phenomena that arises because a fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions in a spherically symmetric manner in units of the Planck length.

Einstein was Right:

Einstein proclaimed that all objects travel through space-time at c. Even though we perceive a ruler along the x axis to be stationary, it is yet traveling through space-time at the fixed speed of c, implying that it is moving through time at the rate of c. Rotate it towards the y axis, and its projection upon the x axis shortens, yet it still appears to be stationary, and it is still traveling through space-time at the rate of c, meaning that it is still traveling at the rate of c through time, as it is stationary in space. Rotate it into the time dimension instead of into the y dimension, and its projection along the x axis still shortens (Lorentz contraction), but now it begins to move through the three spatial dimensions, while maintaining the fixed speed of c through space-time. Again, we see it propagate faster through the three spatial dimensions as it is rotated into the fourth “time” dimension (via a boost) because the fourth dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.

Simply put, it is not possible to rotate an object into the fourth “time” dimension without that object’s velocity through the three stationary dimensions changing. Thus the time dimension itself must be expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Another way of looking at this is asking, “Why must something always gain a greater velocity through space when it is rotated into the fourth “time” dimension?” If someone can conduct a Lorentz transformation on a ruler, and rotate it into the fourth dimension without its velocity augmenting through the three spatial dimensions, I would very much like to hear about it.

Brian Greene’s Treatment—The Time Dimension is Moving Relative to the Spatial Dimension



As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2). Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u, ((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2+(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered the rate at which time elapses on its own clock d(tau) or the proper time, as compared with that on our stationary clock dt.”



Here again we see that even a stationary object has the velocity of c through space-time. How can a stationary object have such a high velocity? This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at all points. So a stationary object will see photons being carried away upon the crests of the expanding dimension, at the rate of c, and this will be interpreted that that object is aging, or moving through time at the rate of c, although in reality the object itself never goes much deeper than the Planck length into the expanding fourth dimension. Again, time is not the fourth dimension, but it is an emergent property of an expanding fourth dimension.



The Movement of All Objects That Exist More in Time:



In Lorentzian Transformations, there is no way for an object to be rotated into the time dimension without it moving—this can be explained by the fact that the time dimension is expanding.



The Debate Over the Block Universe: MDT To the Rescue:



Again we see quantum mechanics and relativity at odds over the debate of the block universe implied by relativity, which seems to imply a definitive, real future, which seemingly contradicts quantum mechanic’s inherent randomness and free will. MDT resolves this paradox by viewing time not as the fourth dimension, but as a phenomena that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Because all time is measured via the propagation of photons, and because all photons propagate as matter carried along by the expanding fourth dimension, time has oft been ascribed properties of a fourth dimension similar to the three spatial dimensions, resulting in paradoxical, misleading interpretations of the universe. Suffice it to say MDT sees time not as a dimension, but as an emergent property of a fourth dimension expanding relative to three spatial dimensions.



In their paper concerning the paradoxes outlined above, “The Debate over the Block Universe," Isham, C.J. and J.C. Polkinghorne write:



http://www.meta-library.net/ctns-vo/isham-body.html

“Proponents of the block universe appeal to special and general relativity to support a timeless view in which all spacetime events have equal ontological status. The finite speed of light, the light cone structure, and the downfall of universal simultaneity and with it the physical status of “flowing time” in special relativity result in a heightened tendency to ontologize spacetime. The additional arbitrariness in the choice of time coordinates in general relativity makes flowing time physically meaningless. Thus no fundamental meaning can be ascribed to the “present” as the moving barrier with the kind of unique and universal significance needed to unequivocally distinguish “past” from “future.” Instead the flowing present is a mental construct, and four-dimensional spacetime is an “eternally existing” structure. God may know the temporality of events as experienced subjectively by creatures, but God cannot act temporally, since flowing time has no fundamental meaning in nature. Theologians must accept the Boethian and even gnostic implications of the block universe.”



http://www.meta-library.net/ctns-vo/isham-body.html

Isham and Polkinghorne continue: “Opponents of the block universe begin by distinguishing between kinematics and dynamics. Special relativity imposes only kinematic constraints on the structure of spacetime. The dynamics of quantum physics and chaos theory encourages a view of nature as open and temporal, thus allowing for both human and divine agency. The problem of the lack of universal simultaneity is lessened since simultaneity is an a posteriori construct. Philosophically disposed to critical realism, opponents are wary of the incipient reductionism of the block view. They resist the Boethian implications of relativity, and argue instead that divine omnipresence must be redefined in terms of a special frame of reference, perhaps one provided by the cosmic background radiation. God’s knowledge of spacetime events in terms of this frame of reference will be constrained by both the world’s causal sequence and the distinction between past and future. Similarly God’s actions will be consistent with relativity theory.”



http://www.meta-library.net/ctns-vo/isham-body.html



In MDT, both quantum mechanics and relativity are in perfect harmony, but the time in relativity is not a dimension on equal footing with the three spatial dimensions. Rather, time is an emergent parameter arising from matter (photons) being carried along with a fourth dimension that is expanding at a constant rate relative to the three spatial dimensions.





Time’s Arrow / 2nd Law of Thermodyamics / Entropy



Entropy states that the universe tends towards disorder. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding in a spherically symmetric manner, constantly carrying all initially close photons and particles away from one another—thus a drop of food coloring in a pool is carried outward and evenly distributed as time evolves. Because the fourth dimension is expanding as a spherically symmetric wavefront through the three spatial dimensions, photons, as well as all matter that interacts with photons, exhibits a probability to move in a spherically symmetric manner. Thus, if we have a clump of atoms in the middle of a room, a probability exists for the atoms to spread apart in a spherically symmetrical manner, being carried along by the expanding time dimension.



Traveling Backwards in Time:



The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The expansion appears as a spherically-symmetric wave-front propagating throughout the three spatial dimensions. This is the prime mover—the fundamental source of all time, energy, and motion. When matter exists completely in the fourth dimension, it appears as a photon, expanding in a spherical wave-front relative to the three spatial dimensions. Now Huygen’s Principle shows that each point upon the crest of a spherically symmetric wavefront is itself a spherically symmetric wavefront. That means that there is a finite probability that a photon’s spherical wavefront will collapse into a smaller region, in which case it might be measured to be somewhere where it was. Such a photon may be said to be traveling back in time, and such a photon will have traveled less than the speed of light.



On the quantum scale, where the fourth dimension is expanding in units of the Planck length, there is a higher chance of light being measured to move slower or faster than the speed of light—there is a higher chance of a photon traveling backwards, or its expanding wave front getting a little smaller as opposed to bigger, but over large distances the speed of light is determined to be c.



And just like photons, electrons and other particles may from be seen to go back in time. All this means is that their wave functions are surfing a region of the fourth-dimension which is contracting as opposed to expanding—there is a small probability of this happening, due to Huygen’s principle, as elaborated on above.



But time travel on a macroscopic scale is prohibited, as the past and future do not exist. We do not live in a block universe, wherein time is a dimension, but rather time is an emergent phenomena, accounted for with MDT’s postulate: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



Godel’s Block Universe Paradox Resolved



In 1949 Godel published a paper showing that within the theory of relativity, time as we understand it, does not exist. Einstein recognized Godel’s paper as “an important contribution to the general theory of relativity,” and since then physicists have not been able to find any logical shortcomings in Godel’s work, and nobody has been able to account for the existence of time. But the Theory of Moving Dimensions accounts for time as we know it by showing that it is an emergent property of the underlying dimension’s intrinsic relative movement.



Godel wrote, “By making a round trip on a rocket ship in a sufficiently wide course, it is possible in these worlds to travel into any region of the past, present, and future, and back again, exactly as it is possible in other worlds to travel to distant parts of space. This state of affairs seems to imply an absurdity. For it enables one to travel into the near past of those places where he himself lived. There he would find a person who would be himself at some earlier period of life. Now he could do something to this person, which, by his memory, he knows has not happened to him.”



Kaku writes, “Kurt Godel’s essay constitutes, in my opinion, an important contribution to the general theory of relativity, especially to the analysis of the concept of time. The problem here involved disturbed me already at the time of the building up of the general theory of relativity, without my having succeeded in clarifying it… The distinction “earlier-later” is abandoned for world-points which lie far apart in a cosmological sense, and those paradoxes, regarding the direction of the causal connection, arise, of which Mr. Godel has spoken. . . It will be interesting to weigh whether these are not to be excluded on physical grounds.” –Michio Kaku



The mistake Einstein made in his formulation was confusing time itself with the fourth dimension. Time is an emergent property that we witness because of the fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, and because it thus inherits properties of a dimension, it is all too tempting for physicists to refer to time as a dimension.



Time travel is impossible both in reality and Moving Dimensions theory, though I encourage prominent physicists to keep on writing books about time machines and bookstores to stock them in the science-fiction sections.



Time arises from the interaction of the expanding fourth dimension with the three spatial dimensions, but many physicists mistakenly labeled the fourth dimension as the time dimension.



A lot of confusion has arisen by from this mislabeling coupled with the physicists’ tendency to over-extend metaphors. As soon as physicists mistakenly labeled the fourth dimension the time dimension, they were eager to see it as an entity analogous to the three spatial dimensions, where one can get from any point to any other point.



But time is an emergent property deriving from the expansion of a single spatial dimension relative to the three other stationary spatial dimensions. The fourth dimension expands in units of the Planck length at the rate of c, so in a sense the fourth dimension is only ever Planck’s length deep to all macroscopic objects. Only a photon can exist in this dimension, orthogonal to the three dimensions, and at that point a photon is matter surfing the expanding dimension. Huygen’s principle demonstrates that every point along a spherically symmetric wavefront is the source of a spherically symmetric wave, and so it is with a photon. This is because every point in space-time is the source of a spherically symmetric expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three stationary dimensions.



Time travel to any significant degree is impossible because the time dimension never reaches deeper than Planck’s length. You could only go back in time by Planck’s time, which wouldn’t be very useful!



Physicists enjoy viewing the time dimension on equal footing with the spatial dimensions. After all, they say it is just another a “dimension” that just happens to have a minus sign infront of it in the space-time metric. But they never seek to explain the minus sign. Instead they rush straight ahead into all their ridiculous notions of time travel, stating that just as we can get from any point A to any point B in space, we can get from any point A to any point B in time. But time travel has never been accomplished, nor will it ever be.



Physicists were right in recognizing that time is a dimension, but they fell short in recognizing that it was different from the three spatial dimensions in that it is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions.



The notion of past, present, and future is more related to the change of energy than it is to the actual existence of a physical past, a physical present, and a physical future. Only the present ever exists, and the past is what is recorded in our minds—it exists nowhere else.



But because time is a dimension, physicists were seduced into believing one could travel anywhere within it. But in reality we never get any further than Planck’s length deep in time, and it is at that depth that photons surf through the universe, while electrons oscillate, and out bodies maintain their average position firmly in the three spatial dimensions as the time dimension expands relentlessly about us in units of Planck’s length.



“For Godel, if there is time travel, there isn’t time. The goal of the great logician was not to make room in physics for one’s favorite episode of Star Trek, but rather to demonstrate that if one follows the logic of relativity further even than its father was willing to venture, the results will not just illuminate but eliminate the reality of time.” —A World Without Time, Palle Yourgrau





Unification of QM and Relativity



Relativity becomes increasingly exact at long-length scales but fails at short ones because space-time itself is quantized, as the time dimension is expanding in units of the Planck length. The concept of general relativity’s smooth geometry, at large scales, disappears on short-distance scales—this has been a problem to string theorists, but only because they were never bold enough to recognize that’s the way it is because that’s the way it is—GR does not break down at distances smaller than the Planck length because such distances do not exist with any degree of certainty. The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions in units of the Planck length, and thus distances smaller than the Planck length cannot be measured nor defined.



In An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene writes, “Recall that the problem in merging general relativity and quantum mechanics turns up when the central tenet of the former—that space and time constitute a smoothly curving geometrical structure—confronts the essential feature of the latter—that everything in the universe, including the fabric of space and time, undergoes quantum fluctuations that become increasingly turbulent when probed on smaller and smaller distance scales. On sub-Planck-scale distances, the quantum undulations are so violent that they destroy the notion of a smoothly curving geometrical space; this means that general relativity breaks down.”



But general relativity does not break down. It works perfectly well, holding the planets in their orbits, curving space and time about massive objects, bending light just so, in accordance with Einstein’s equations.



General relativity does not break down at sub-Planck-scale distances because such distances do not exist. The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions in units of the Planck length, and thus all physical measurements and physical definitions are larger than the Planck length. General relativity need have no fear of ever breaking down at distances smaller than the Planck length, because such distances do not exist in the physical world!!



Moving Dimensions & String Theory



The jury is still out on String Theory, as is the theory itself. Before it can be tested, it first must step forward with something to test. String theory must first step forward with simple postulates and laws—until that day, it will remain a hoax to the degree it is funded.



Whereas String Theory retreats into realms beyond physical reality, beyond experimental tests, beyond postulates, laws, and predictions, Moving Dimensions Theory stays simply wedded to a single postulate—the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Where String Theory retreats into a mathematical realm where postulates, laws, words, and physical intuition are blinded so that politics and strategic faith might reign supreme, MDT seeks a return to those simpler days of physics, where physics was reduced to first principles.



Perhaps String Theory could find a new home as a subset of MDT, wherein the vibrating strings are vibrating/surfing upon wavefronts of the a fourth dimension that’s expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



Zeno’s Paradox



If you travel from point A to point B, you must travel half of the distance to point B before traveling the complete distance. Now from that point you must again travel half the remaining distance. If you continue to do so (travel half the remaining distance) you will never reach point B.



Extended to its logical conclusion, this reasoning implies that you could never move in the first place.



But things move.



Motion is a fundamental part of the universe. And that is because it is embedded within the four dimensions, which consist of three stationary dimensions and one that is expanding with a velocity of c in a spherically symmetric manner, in units of Planck’s length, relative to the three stationary dimensions.



Because the time dimension is expanding at a uniform rate equally in all directions, every particle has a greater chance of being somewhere different than where it currently is as time moves on. For every particle is subject to the whims of this ever-expanding dimension.





Stephen Hawking’s Block Universe: Wrong



Hawking writes, “Quantum theory introduces a new idea, that of imaginary time. Imaginary time may sound like science fiction, and it has been brought into Doctor Who [an English Star Trek]. But never the less, it is a genuine scientific concept. One can picture it in the following way. One can think of ordinary, real, time as a horizontal line. On the left, one has the past, and on the right, the future. But there's another kind of time in the vertical direction. This is called imaginary time, because it is not the kind of time we normally experience. But in a sense, it is just as real, as what we call real time.”



Hawking’s logic succumbs to a common physical misinterpretation of time. In stating, “One can think of ordinary, real, time as a horizontal line. On the left, one has the past, and on the right, the future,” Hawking is confusing our notion of time that is an emergent phenomena arising from a fourth dimension expanding relative to three spatial dimensions with the fallacious view of time as a dimension, on equal footing with space. Hawking’s and Penrose’s mistaken view of “the future being out there” arises because of physicists misleadingly labeling “time” the fourth dimension, thus implying that just as we can move anywhere in the three spatial dimensions, such as up and down and back again, so too can we move anywhere in the time dimension, to the past, the future, and back again, implying that both the past and future must exist, as sure as New York and Los Angeles.



Time is an emergent phenomena of a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions—thus time sometimes appears to have dimensional properties. A Lorentz transformation can rotate an object into the “time” dimension, and we can appear to travel through the “time” dimension, but in both cases the time dimension is our interpretation of physical events in a universe with a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



All time is measured relative to the propagation of photons, and because all photons propagates via surfing the fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, time has oft been ascribed properties of a fourth dimension.



Peter Lynds’ View of Time: Closer to MDT’s Reality



In Peter Lynds’ abstract to “Time and classical and quantum mechanics: Indeterminacy vs. discontinuity,” Lynds states, “It is postulated there is not a precise static instant in time underlying a dynamical physical process at which the relative position of a body in relative motion or a specific physical magnitude would theoretically be precisely determined. It is concluded it is exactly because of this that time (relative interval as indicated by a clock) and the continuity of a physical process is possible, with there being a necessary trade off of all precisely determined physical values at a time, for their continuity through time. This explanation is also shown to be the correct solution to the motion and infinity paradoxes, excluding the Stadium, originally conceived by the ancient Greek mathematician Zeno of Elea. Quantum Cosmology, Imaginary Time and Chronons are also then discussed, with the latter two appearing to be superseded on a theoretical basis.” (Lynds, Peter, Foundations of Physics Letters, 16(4), 343-355, 2003)



This is because time is an emergent phenomena, arising because the fourth dimension is expanding at a rate of c relative to the three stationary spatial dimensions in unitis of the Planck length. There is no precise time underlying a physical process because all measurements of time are limited by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, as the expansion of the fourth dimension, by which time is defined, is occurring in quantized units of the Planck length.



Lynds sees that there is no precise time underlying a physical process because he argues that to have a defined position with respect to time would mean that a moving object would have to be frozen. However, this never happens, because all motion takes place upon a backround where time is not a dimension nor a parameter, but a device that we have used as a tool to measure distance, interval, and motion as best we know how. That this has led to paradoxes is no wonder, but the paradoxes are resolved with viewing time not as a fourth dimension, but as an emergent phenomena that rises because a fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions in units of the Planck length, and that it is this fourth dimension that carries photons by which all measurements of time are made. Thus time is fundamentally quantum mechanical in behavior, inheriting a probabilistic and quantized nature, and when quantum mechanics manifests itself throughout the macroscopic world, it is often deemed paradoxical.



MDT & Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle:



Because the fourth dimension is expanding in quantized units, and because all measurements require energy which only ever propagates in quantized units as all energy is the result of photons surfing the expanding fourth dimension, there is an inherent limitation to the detail of measurement, arising from the nature of the quantized expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions.



Newton’s Laws, Inertia & The Conservation Laws:



The Law of Inertia: All objects conserve their relative rotation in space-time. An accelerated objected is rotated more into the expanding fourth dimension, resulting in an increased probability it will move relative to the three spatial dimensions. This is accomplished by adding photons to the object, thereby increasing its mass along with the net object’s (object+photons) probability of existing in the expanding third dimension. A decelerated electron emits photons, lowering its probability of being in the fourth expanding dimension, as its velocity relative to the three spatial dimensions slows.



Probability/Rotation are Conserved:



Every entity has a probability of existing in both space and time. The greater a probability an entity has of existing in time, the more energy it will be observed to have from a stationary observer. Energy is added to an object by the way of photons, and thus all additions of energy to any object increase the objects mass.



Take an electron in a particle accelerator for example. As energy is added to it, it circles the accelerator faster and faster and gains more and more mass. The more photons that are added to it, the higher the probability it exists in the time dimension. It is rotated into the time dimension, and its time slows down as its effective length contracts.

The probability of being in the space and time dimensions is a conserved quantity, manifesting itself as the conservation of momentum and energy. If no energy is added or subtracted, its momentum and energy remain constant—its rotation in space-time remains constant.

As an object is given energy, the added photons give the net object a higher probability of being in the time dimension, and thus it propagates faster through the three spatial dimensions, as it “surfs” upon crests of the expanding dimension through space-time.



Explanations of Dark Matter & Dark Energy



The Unification of Relativity & QM



Relativity is what generally emerges at great distances and high speeds, and quantum mechanics generally emerges at tiny distances for tiny objects. The quantized expansion of



THE QM, GR & MDT: A DIALOGUE WITH PENROSE ET. AL



Roger Penrose longs for Moving Dimensions Theory. Where he falls short in the following discussion is where he states, “the future is out there.” The future is not out there. But where Penrose steers close is in acknowledging, “I think we need a new way to look at time, not either Quantum Mechanics or Relativity.” MD Theory offers this new way.



Time is an emergent phenomena. Time happens because a fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



Moving Dimensions Theory offers a new way of looking at time underlying both QM and SR a phenoma that emerges from the MD Theory: THE FOURTH DIMENSION IS EXPANDING AT A RATE OF C RELATIVE TO THE THREE SPATIAL DIMENSIONS IN QUANTIZED UNITS OF THE PLANCK LENGTH, GIVING RISE TO TIME AND ALL QUANTUM MECHANICAL AND RELATIVISTIC PHENOMENA.



http://physicsmathforums.com



Penrose’s mistaken view of “the future being out there” arises because of physicists misleadingly labeling “time” the fourth dimension, thus implying that just as we can move anywhere in the three spatial dimensions, such as up and down and back again, so too can we move anywhere in the time dimension, to the past, the future, and back again, implying that both the past and future must exist, as sure as New York and Los Angeles.



But time is not so much the fourth dimension as it is an emergent phenomena that arises because a fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions in a spherically symmetric manner in units of the Planck length.



Dr. E has added to the following dialogue with Roger Penrose, showing how Moving Dimensions Theory can unify the concept of time in SR and QM—in fact all phenomena in SR and QM might be accounted for by Moving Dimensions Theory. The original dialogue may be found here:

http://members.fortunecity.com/templarser/flowtime.html



Roger Penrose : “I think there's always something paradoxical about the way we seem to perceive time to pass and the way physics describes time.”



Dr. E: Moving Dimensions Theory alleviates this paradox by viewing time as an emergent phenomena—something that arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three stationary spatial dimensions.



Roger Penrose : Space-time is certainly different stuff from space because its 4 dimensional instead of 3-D (RP larfs!) which is a big diff. Time really has to be brought into the picture; this one thing which is space/time.

Physicist : Just imagine what this might be like: 3-D space implies a volume, and you can move any where in that volume. Once you add time as a 4th dimension, another axis, then this block of space/time would contain within it past, present and future, all at once. Time is frozen, all times exist together; so just as you can say "over here, over there" in 3-D space, you can talk about "over then", in 4-D space/time.

Roger Penrose : It's a way of looking at things if you like which physically we seem to be forced into. I say physically from the point of view of what the theory of rel. tells us. And Relativity is remarkably well tested, I mean, 14 places of decimal, it’s just incredible. So we know that this theory does describe the universe to an extraordinarily precise degree, so we have to take it seriously. And that theory tells us that we have to regard space and time as one thing, it’s all out there, it’s one thing. In the same sense that space is out there, time is out there.



Dr. E: No—the past and future are not out there. There is indeed a fourth dimension, and that dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c in units of the Planck length. We perceive time—the past and the future—as events and dreams in our memories and minds, based on the interaction of the fourth expanding dimension with the three stationary dimensions.

Narrator : Like the Medieval God's-view of time, Einstein's physics says that the future is already out there. The moments of our lives are just waiting for us to step into them.

Roger Penrose : But there's no more problem about the future being out there than saying that space is out there. You say, "Mars is out there", but why is that more comprehensible than saying "next week is out there"? It’s just as far away in a certain sense.

Physicist : If you take this block of 4-D space/time literally, it means you have to abandon free will. It means not only is the future pre-ordained, but its already there, its already happened. There's no point in making any decisions, whatever you do has already happened. If I choose to drop this stone into a pond, I think of it being my own free choice, but of course in 4-D space/time I had no choice in dropping the stone ; the splash is already there in the future and so we lose all free will. If time travel was possible, you can imagine people coming back from the future to visit us; its no good us saying, "you cant exist - you haven't happened yet".They've come from a time which they consider to be their 'now' and for them we're in their path.

Roger Penrose : So this means that in a sense, the present past and future are out there, and that also gives us a very deterministic view of the world. We have no control of what happens in the future because its all laid out. I think the trouble that people have with this idea is that you think the future is under your control, to some degree, and so this means that if the future's laid out then in a sense its not under your control.

Physicist : Personally I'm very uncomfortable about the block universe idea. Now this may be just a gut feeling or just irrational, but can't accept the future's already 'out there'. I don't accept that I don't have any free will (http://members.fortunecity.com/templarser/refer.html#F2).

Roger Penrose : I think there is a positive side to this picture of space and time being laid out there as 4 dimensions, because it tells you that all times are there once and it can affect the way one thinks about people who have died. I mean, I remember thinking in this kind of way when my mother died. In some sense she was still there because her existence is still out there in space/time although in our time she is not alive. A colleague of mine had a son who died in tragic circumstances and I presented this idea to him and it helped his understanding also. This was before I heard that Einstein had a colleague died and he wrote to the man's wife that Bessa was still out there, and that somehow this was reassuring. I certainly think this way often, that space/time is laid out and that things in the past and things in the future are out there still.

Narrator : But almost at the same time that Relativity was gaining universal acceptance a radically different picture of the universe was emerging.

Physicist : The way out if you don't want to accept the block universe idea is quantum mechanics. Now, Quantum Mechanics is the second great discovery of the 20th century physics and that states that the future isn't predetermined and preordained.

Narrator : Quantum Mechanics was born out of a series of experiments whose results even today have no satisfactory explanation. Relativity works at the large scale where it provides exact predictions as to what will happen next. But when physicists started looking down at the atomic and sub-atomic level, the familiar laws failed. At this level, there were no certainties, only probabilities. How can the future of the universe be already out there if the future of a single molecule is so utterly unpredictable?



Dr. E: The future of the universe is not already out there. Both quantum mechanics and relativity derive from the same underlying physical reality of a fourth dimension expanding relative to three spatial dimensions at the rate of c in units of the Planck length. The wave-particle duality of matter comes from the inherent non-locality of any matter at a point in the expanding dimension, which would appear as photons expanding in a spherically symmetric manner at the rate of c. The constant speed of light also comes from the physical reality of the fourth dimension expanding relative to the three stationary spatial dimensions. No matter how fast the emitter is traveling, the expanding dimension yet carries the photon at the rate of c.

Physicist : Before we look to see what the atom is doing, not only is there a gap in our knowledge, the atom itself has not decided what to do. It had an infinite number of choices to make, it will be doing all those choices all at once, and its only when we look to see what is happening do we force it to make a choice. In Quantum Mechanics the future is not determined, and so Quantum Mechanics in a sense rescues us and rescues free will.

Roger Penrose : In a sense you don't have the future laid out in Quantum Mechanics So Quantum Mechanics. is basically different in the way we look at it. You do have this indeterminacy about the future and a necessary feature of this is its incompatibility with Special Relativity. So we have these 2 great theories, both of which are extremely accurate, tell us something about how the world operates, something very insightful and profound and accurate, but they're incompatible with each other. So there's no doubt there's something missing here. How important it is to how we 'feel' the passage of time is I think very important.



Dr. E: But QM and SR perfectly compatible theories. In SR there is no certain future—that is a byproduct of mistakenly looking at time as a fourth dimension on equal footing with the three spatial dimensions. The passage of time happens because of matter interacting with a dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. And all quantum mechanical and relativistic effects may be traced back to Moving Dimensions Theory.

Narrator: The tragedy of modern physics is that it explains so much of the objective universe but at the cost of what we subjectively feel; about our conscious free will and our feeling that time does flow.

Faun Flynn: I very much think there's a flow to time. If you consider what music would be like if there was no flow to time. You couldn't have music if you didn't have memory, or if you didn't have an expectation generated by that memory. You'd have an isolated note in the 'now'. Music unfolds in time in such a way that we have a memory of what we've heard, and this memory conditions to what we expect. This of course is something that everybody is familiar with, because if you hear ( 7 note scale played on piano) you have a very strong expectation that the next note will be (plays final octave note of scale) . Music is a distillation or a side-effect of that mental faculty we employ to perceive time, and things changing in time.

Roger Penrose : The question of the passage of time is something the scientists have rather set aside, and taking the view that its not really physics, it's a subjective issue; and subjective questions are not part of science. Now when you start talking about phenomena like one's own perception of the passage of time, then that is a subjective thing. And that's almost a taboo subject for science because it's subjective. The physical world at least according to Relativity, is out there, and there is no flow of time, it's just there; whereas our feeling (we have this feeling of the passage of time) are intimately connected to our perceptions.



Dr. E: Indeed scientists too often choose their battles selfishly, thereby solving problems by saying that they do not need to be solved, while simultaneously concentrating on obscure theories, spending millions on building empty temples for the herd. The physical future is not out there according to relativity. The passage of time is the result of the propagation of energy. The aging of cells, the oscillations of a quartz crystal, the unwinding of a clock spring, the swing of a pendulum—all of these have to do with the exchange of photons and thus the propagation of energy. And energy propagates at the constant rate of c throughout the universe because the fourth dimension, which carries matter that we perceive as photons, is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions, in units of the Planck length.

Physicist : We have this subjective feeling, that time goes by, but physicists would argue this is just an illusion.

Roger Penrose : Yes I think physicists would agree that the feeling of time passing is simply an illusion, something that is not real. It has something to do with our perceptions.

Dr. E: The passage of time is real. Time’s arrow, or entropy, or the second law of thermodynamics are all explained by Moving Dimensions Theory. Because a fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c in a spherically symmetric manner, all particles have a probability of being displaced in a spherically symmetric manner. Thus any two particles close to each other will wander apart.


Narrator : Illusion or not, our perceptions emerge somewhere between the cosmic scale of Relativity where the flow of time is frozen and the quantum scale, where flow descends to uncertainty. Our world is on a scale governed by a mixture of chance and necessity.


Roger Penrose : My view is that there is some large scale quantum activity going on in the brain. Physics does not say that Quantum Mechanics takes place in small areas, but also take place over larger areas. I think this has to do with the consciousness. I think we need a new way to look at time, not either Quantum Mechanics or Relativity.



Dr. E: Moving Dimensions offers this new way of looking at time. Time is not the fourth dimension, but it is a phenomena that arises because a fourth spatial dimension is expanding relative to the three stationary spatial dimensions.



Narrator : If Quantum Mechanics is taking place in the brain then the same randomness of outcome and unpredictability might explain our ability to make sometime random choices. Opening up the future to the possibility of change would provide the first step of restoring to physics the flow of time it currently denies.

Physicist : I don't think time flows, I feel that time flows, but I feel we can only understand this if we have a better understanding of how consciousness works. I think human consciousness probably has the secrets as to how and why we think of time as going by.

Roger Penrose : I don't think we have the tools, I don't think we have the physical picture to accommodate these things yet. We're not very close to it.



Dr. E: Moving Dimensions Theory has just brought us closer.



The original dialogue may be found here:

http://members.fortunecity.com/templarser/flowtime.html



Wheeler’s Quantum Foam:



Brian Greene writes, “The notion of a smooth spatial geometry, the central principle of general relativity, is destroyed by the violent fluctuations of the quantum world on short distance scales. On ultramicroscopic scales, the central feature of quantum mechanics—the uncertainty principle—is in direct conflict with the central feature of general relativity—the smooth geometrical model of space (and of spacetime)… The equations of general relativity cannot handle the roiling frenzy of quantum foam.” Nor do they have to.



MDT happily unifies relativity and quantum mechanics with a simple postulate. The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



And because the fourth dimension is expanding in units of the Planck length, quantum mechanical behavior manifests itself in all phenomena that touch upon the notion of tiny distances. However, over large distances, the expansion of the fourth dimension seems smooth and continuous. Thus space and time appear smooth and continuous over large distances.



Likewise, although light has a probability of traveling slower or faster than c, due to the quantum mechanical nature of the expansion of the dimension that carries it through space, over large distances time is observed to travel at a the constant rate of c.



Relativity and quantum mechanics have always existed peaceably in nature, and now, via Moving Dimensions Theory, relativity and quantum mechanics exist peaceably in theory too.



String Theory’s Admitted Shortcomings FROM ITS TEXTBOOKS!!!:



The great irony of string theory, however, is that the theory itself is not unified. To someone learning the theory for the first time, it is often a frustrating collection of folklore, rules of thumb, and intuition. (IN OTHER WORDS IT IS NOT PHYSICS!!!) At times, there seems to be no rhyme or reason for many of the conventions of the model. For a theory that makes the claim of providing a unifying framework for all physical laws, it is the supreme irony that the theory itself appears so disunited!!

Chapter 1. Path Integrals and Point Particles: Why Strings?

“Introduction to Superstrings and M-Theory,” page 5. –Michio Kaku



Supersymmetry is one of the most elegant of all symmetries, uniting bosons and fermions into a single multiplet:



Fermions ßà Bosons

By uniting fields of differing statistics, supersymmetry and supergroups have also opened up an entirely new area of mathematics… However, the irony is that there is not a single shred of experimental evidence in its favor. For example, physicists have tried to fit the electron or neutrino into supersymmetric multiplets, but the scalar partners of these leptons have never been seen. In fact, none of the presently known particles has a supersymmetric partner.

Chapter 3, Superstrings, Supersymmetric Point Particles – Michio Kaku



Should New Ideas be Allowed in Contemporary Physics?



All of physic’s greatest hits are contained in simple postulates, laws, and equations that have stood the test of time and provided a lever by which we could disturb the universe. For this reason, I am advocating a return to physics that is expressed in simple postulates, laws, and equations that can be discussed and tested by experiment.



Postmodern theories such as string theory are dangerous to physics and physicists alike. Like Narcissus, who fell in the water while staring at his own reflection, it seems many String Theorists have fallen into a world of reflection, where they’re not looking at physical reality, but only themselves. Hundreds of millions of dollars have been poured into String Theory, and yet not one postulate, nor law, nor proof, nor success.



But the purpose of this paper is not to criticize string theory, but to light the way to a new day with a simple postulate: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.



After Einstein published his two postulates of special relativity and his foundational paper on quantum mechanics, it was yet many years, and tens of thousands of man hours, before a nobler physics bore itself out—the realm of physics that is now known as relativity, that has stood the tests of time and continues to inspire young physicists. And so it is that today, Quantum Mechanics and Relativity, which came out of either side of Einstein’s mind, are yet the towering beacons that inspire young physicists. When one wants to see further, one climbs on top of the shoulders of giants—Newton, Bohr, Einstein, Dirac, Shrodinger, and Wheeler. And it was from such a vantage point that I saw Moving Dimensions Theory.



Contemporary physics, like much of academia, is cluttered with political factions, charlatans, hypesters, and fund-raisers. Such a system is self-reinforcing, and as time goes on, truth means less and less, as politics, hype, and blind-faith land the postdocs, government grants, and tenure.



Young physicists are bullied by pomo-hipster “the truth does not exist” String Theorists who tell questioning young physicists that they cannot question. When the young physicists continue to question undeterred, the tenured string theorist waves her hands and makes it personal, projecting their infinite shortcomings, telling the young physicists that simply cannot comprehend the beauty of the ten, eleven, twenty-two, or thirty dimensions.



But there are changes afoot, and prominent physicists—Nobel Prize winners and true leaders—are stepping forth to criticize string theory:



“If Einstein were alive today, he would be horrified at this state of affairs. He would upbraid the profession for allowing this mess to develop and fly into a blind rage over the transformation of his beautiful creations into ideologies and the resulting proliferation of logical inconsistencies. Einstein was an artist and a scholar but above all he was a revolutionary. His approach to physics might be summarized as hypothesizing minimally. Never arguing with experiment, demanding total logical consistency, and mistrusting unsubstantiated beliefs. The unsubstantial belief of his day was ether, or more precisely the naïve version of ether that preceded relativity. The unsubstantiated belief of our day is relativity itself. It would be perfectly in character for him to reexamine the facts, toss them over in his mind, and conclude that his beloved principle of relativity was not fundamental at all but emergent—a collective property of the matter constituting space-time that becomes increasingly exact at long length scales but fails at short ones. This is a different idea from his original one but something fully compatible with it logically, and even more exciting and potentially important. It would mean that the fabric of space-time was not simply the stage on which life played out but an organizational phenomenon, and that there might be something beyond.” –A Different Universe, Reinventing Physics From The Bottom Down, Robert B. Laughlin, Winner of the Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the fractional quantum Hall effect.



“Despite its having become embedded in the discipline, the idea of absolute symmetry makes no sense. Symmetries are cause by things, not he cause of things. If relativity is always true, then there has to be an underlying reason. Attempts to evade this problem inevitably result in contradictions. Thus if we try to write down relativistic equations describing the spectroscopy of a vacuum, we discover that the equations are mathematical nonsense unless either relativity or guage invariance, an equally important symmetry, is postulated to fail at extremely short distances. No workable fix to this problem has ever been discovered. String theory, originally invented for this purpose, has not succeeded. In addition to its legendary appetite for higher dimensions, it also has problems at short length scales, albeit more subtle ones, and has never been shown to evolve into the standard model at long length scales, as required for compatibility with experiment.” –A Different Universe, Reinventing Physics From The Bottom Down, Robert B. Laughlin, Winner of the Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the fractional quantum Hall effect



“Thus the innocent observation that the vacuum of space is empty is not innocent at all, but is instead compelling evidence that light and gravity are linked and probably both collective in nature. Real light, like real quantum-mechanical sound, differs from its idealized Newtonian counterpart in containing energy even when it is stone cold. According to the principle of relativity, this energy should have generated mass, and this, in turn, should have generated gravity. We have no idea why it does not, so we deal with the problem the way the government might, namely by simply declaring empty space not to gravitate. In chutzpah, this ranks with the famous case of the Indiana state legislature passing a law declaring Pi to have the value three. It also demonstrates the severity of the problem, for one does not resort to such desperate measures when there are reasonable alternatives. The desire to explain away the gravity paradox microscopically is also the motivation for the invention of supersymmetry, a mathematical construction that assigns a special complementary partner to every known elementary particle. Were a superpartner ever discovered in nature, the hope for a reductionist explanation for the emptiness of space might be rekindled, but this has not happened, at least not yet.”





“[String Theory] has no practical utility, however, other than to sustain the myth of the ultimate theory. There is no experimental evidence for the existence of strings in nature, nor does the special mathematics of string theory enable known experimental behavior to be calculated or predicted more easily. Moreover, the complex spectroscopic properties of space accessible with today’s mighty accelerators are accountable in only as “low-energy phenomenology”—a pejorative term for transcendent emergent properties of matter impossible to calculate from first principles. String theory is, in fact, a textbook case of Deceitful Turkey, a beautiful set of ideas that will always remain just barely out of reach. Far from a wonderful technological hope for a greater tomorrow, it is instead the tragic consequence of an obsolete belief system—in which emergence plays no role and dark law does not exist.”

–A Different Universe, Reinventing Physics From The Bottom Down, Robert B. Laughlin, Winner of the Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the fractional quantum Hall effect.



“The master antitheory of the age is the idea that there is no fundamental thing left to discover, so that the world we inhabit is simply a swarm of detail that belongs to no one and thus can be legitimately handled by business tactics—resource management, competitive advertising, survival of the fittest, and so forth. A corollary is that there is no absolute truth, but only products, like shirts or hamburgers, that one throws away when their usefulness is exhausted. Antitheories are dangerous ideologies not only because they impede inquiry but because they lull one into ignoring threats that one’s opponents can exploit to their advantage.”

–A Different Universe, Reinventing Physics From The Bottom Down, Robert B. Laughlin, Winner of the Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the fractional quantum Hall effect.



Acceleration occurs when an object is rotated in space-time, and the conservation of momentum and energy were based on the conservation of something more fundamental—the conservation of dimension.





Conservation Laws: Newton’s Laws & The Law of Inertia



The conservation of energy and the conservation of momentum can be expressed as the conservation of rotation in space-time. Every particle has a probability of existing in ace or time. A photon has close to a 100% probability of existing in time and close to a 0% chance of existing in space. Mass has close to a 100% chance of existing in space, and close to 0% chance of existing in time. When one adds photons to massive objects, one gives them energy, the net photon-mass object has a greater chance of existing in time than did the massive object on its own.





\ | /

\ | /

\ | /

\ | /

\ | /

| | | | \|/ |

B A C



Because massive objects curve space-time, the probability of being in space and time are altered by gravitational fields.



Consider point A in the figure above, close to a massive object. The rate at which the fourth dimension expands is always proportional to the space metric at the exact point from where the expansion originates. So the time metric at point B is shorter than the time metric at point A which is shorter than the time metric at point C. The fourth dimension, expanding from point A, will arrive at point B before it arrives at point C.



Acceleration occurs when an object is rotated in space-time, and the conservation of momentum and energy were based on the conservation of something more fundamental—the conservation of dimension.



Because space is stretched towards the massive object, and all objects try to preserve their relative rotation with respect to space and time, the object has a greater chance of being in the time dimension where the space is stretched. Hence the acceleration expected due to the laws of relativity.







file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Ce%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1 %5C01%5Cclip_image002.jpg





And so too is it seen that in the Schroedinger equation that the change of probability with respect to time results in an acceleration in space.



Questions Addressed by MDT:



Why is the speed of light constant in all frames?



Why are light and energy quantized?



How can matter display both wave and particle properties?



Why are there non-local effects in quantum mechanics?



Why does time stop at the speed of light?



How come a photon does not age?



Why are inertial mass and gravitational mass the same thing?



Why do moving bodies exhibit length contraction?



Why are mass and energy equivalent?



Why does time’s arrow point in the direction it points in?



Why do photons appear as spherically-symmetric wavefronts traveling at a velocity c?



Why is there a minus sign in the following metric? x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2=s^2



What deeper reality underlies Einstein’s postulates of relativity?



What deeper reality underlies Newton’s laws?



How MDT Is Aiding Fellow Physicists



"The conclusions from Bell's theorem are philosophically startling; either one must totally abandon the realistic philosophy of most working scientists or dramatically revise our concept of space-time." —Abner Shimony and John Clauser

Moving Dimensions Theory provides this new concept of space-time. http://physicsmathforums.com

The underlying expanding fourth dimension gives rise to non-local phenomena.

"For me, then, this is the real problem with quantum theory: the apparently essential conflict between any sharp formulation and fundamental relativity. It may be that a real synthesis of quantum and relativity theories requires not just technical developments but radical conceptual renewal." --John Bell

Moving Dimensions Theory provides this radical conceptual renewal. http://physicsmathforums.com

"Entanglement is not one but rather the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics." --Erwin Schrodinger

"The discovery of the quantum of action shows us not only the natural limitation of classical physics, but, by throwing a new light upon the old philsophical problem of the objective existence of phenomena indepedently of our observations, confronts us with a situation hitherto unknown in natural science." --Niels Bohr



“I think we need a new way to look at time, not either Quantum Mechanics or Relativity.” –Roger Penrose



“Should we be prepared to see some day a new structure for the foundations of physics that does away with time? . . . Yes, because ‘time’ is in trouble.” –John Wheeler



“Time is clothed in a different garment for each role it plays in our thinking.” –John Wheeler



“The word time came not from heaven but form the mouth of man.” –John Wheeler



“My ideas about time all developed from the realization that if nothing were to change we could not say that times passes. Change is primary, time, if it exists at all, is something we deduce from it.



My Italian collaborator Bruno Bertotti and I found that the deep structure of Einstein's general theory of relativity does correspond to this truth. It is telling us that time does not exist as an independent thing and that change is indeed primary. However, this is in the framework of so-called classical physics, the form of physics that developed before quantum mechanics was discovered. When the idea that time has no independent existence is combined with the basic facts of quantum mechanics in the simplest possible way, the implications are startling.



The quantum universe is static. Only timeless Nows exist. The quantum rules give them different probabilities. We experience the most probable Nows as individual instants of time. The appearance of motion and a flow of time are both illusions created by very special structure of the instants that we experience.” –Julian Barbour, http://www.platonia.com/ideas.html



“The mystery of time’s arrow is the oldest problem in science concerning the nature of time, predating even the theory of relativity.” —Paul Davies, About Time



Moving Dimensions Theory & On The Advancement Of Physics



Physics has been furthered far more often by a rugged individual acknowledging the simple and obvious in a pursuit of the truth than book-keepers-in-training playing games in the abstruse in pursuit of tenure. The advancement of physics has ever depended far more on logic, reason, and Truth than government grants, tenure, group think, peer-reviewed journals, and aging bureaucracies. “That is the way things are because that is the way things are,” has lead to far more physics than the contemporary, “things can’t be that way because the math dictates that we live in thirty-three dimensions and four are curled up, and that is what NSF is funding.”



When experiments showed that light existed only in quantized packets, Einstein proclaimed that light only existed in quantized packets, and he won the Nobel Prize. When spectra from atoms showed discreet energies, Niels Bohr proclaimed that electrons orbits were quantized, and he received a Nobel Prize. When Maxwell’s Equations had a recurring constant, Maxwell used c to denote it, and Einstein proclaimed that the speed of light must be constant for all observers—and so Special Relativity was born. When Einstein juxtaposed objects falling towards the earth getting closer together with the fact that two people starting at the equator, walking on originally parallel lines of longitude towards the North Pole, would come together because they were walking on a curve surface, Einstein proclaimed that the space-time around a massive object must also be curved. This along with Einstein’s realization that the force of gravity would be rendered null in free-fall, lead to General Relativity.



And so it is that in the above paragraph you have the roots of the greatest achievements of physics in the past 100+ years, dwarfing String Theory, Loop Quantum Gravity, and thousands of their variatons, which deal in the abstruse, complicated, muddled, and mythological worlds which are safe from physics simple rigor.

Moving Dimensions Theory returns us to simpler times. It starts with the simple and keeps it simple. Light travels with a maximum velocity of c, because the fourth dimension is expanding at a rate relative to the three spatial dimensions at the velocity of c. A photon expands through space in a spherically symmetric manner. This is because the fourth dimension expands through the three spatial dimensions in a spherically symmetric manner. Energy and mass are equivalent, expressed by E=mc^2, because energy is nothing more than mass rotated into the expanding fourth dimension. The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect (EPR) effect, which calls instantaneous action at a distance “spooky,” can be accounted for by the expanding dimension—as a point expands, it is yet a single locale in that dimension, and hence though separated by distance in space, interacting particles may be in the same place in the time dimension, and hence connected. The null vector of the photon, which remains 0 no matter how far the photon travels in space-time, may be accounted for by the fact that the fourth dimension is moving, and thus the only way to stay still in the four dimensions is to move with along with the expanding dimension. In Lorentzian Transformations, there is no way for an object to be rotated into the time dimension without it moving—this can be explained by the fact that the time dimension is expanding. All wave-particle duality can be seen as the result of the universe’s existence upon a reality that has three stationary spatial dimensions and one expanding time dimension—when matter exists in the stationary dimensions, it is seen as mass, or a particle. When matter exists in the time dimension it is seen as wave, or a photon, or energy. Depending how we choose to observer matter determines whether we observe its wave or particle properties. Photons are quantized bundles of energy that propagate at the velocity of c—this is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions in a quantized manner, in units of Planck’s length at the rate of c. The Second Law of Thermodyamics, or the law of Entropy, states that the universe tends towards disorder. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding in a spherically symmetric manner, constantly carrying all photons and interacting particles away from one another—thus a drop of food coloring in a pool will be carried outward and evenly distributed. In 1949 Godel published a paper showing that within the theory of relativity, time as we understand it, does not exist. Einstein recognized Godel’s paper as “an important contribution to the general theory of relativity,” and since then physicists have not been able to find any logical shortcomings in Godel’s work, and nobody has been able to account for the existence of time. But the Theory of Moving Dimensions accounts for time as we know it by showing that it is an emergent property of the underlying dimension’s intrinsic relative movement. Relativity becomes increasingly exact at long-length scales but fails at short ones because space-time itself is quantized, as the time dimension is expanding in units of the Planck length. The concept of general relativity’s smooth geometry, at large scales, disappears on short-distance scales—this has been a problem to string theorists, but only because they were never bold enough to recognize that’s the way it is because that’s the way it is. Realizing this might have lead one of them to see that the fourth dimension is expanding at a rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions.

So it is seen that Moving Dimensions Theory offers a simple model upon which all known phenomena of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics may rest. And because the underlying architecture of the universe is quantized—because the fourth dimension expands at the rate of c in units of the Planck length relative to the three spatial dimensions, quantum mechanics works for the small, while general relativity works for the large. That is the way it is because that is the way it is—this was the realization that lead to the postulate of MDT: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.

[caltechpostdoc]

Dr. McGucken I am breathless.

You write wonderfully, lucidly, and clearly.

Finally a step closer to fundamental motion--to time.

I'll be back when I get up. Got the night shift on the experiment.

[astro]

MDT is winning the day!!!!!!!

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/sci.physics/browse_frm/thread/b93245055b8cda70/4e4d34bd82bb9afe?hl=en#4e4d34bd82bb9afe

[astro]

Are New Ideas Important in Physics and Astronomy?

If so, then why are young scientists with new ideas based in logic, reason, and reality, so often castigated, impugned, and crucified while those who quietly, passively, and uncreatively accept the nonesensical mythologies of String Theory and M-Theory rewarded with vast salaries, health benefits, TV shows, book deals, and tenure?

I would very much like to discuss my new theory here, but I am forbidden from even mentioning its name, as the String Theorists and other fashionistas do not approve of it. And so their multi-billion dollar myth is perpetuated at the expense of logic, reason, and physics.

But time is on our side. And what is time? I am not allowed to say, as my theory is banned for the moment.

The current state of physics has several Prominent Physicsists and Great Thinkers spinning in their graves:

John Dewey
Every great advance in science has issued from a new audacity of the imagination.
— The Quest For Certainty

Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) U. S. inventor.There ain't no rules around here! We're trying to accomplish something!


Albert Einstein
All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree. All these aspirations are directed toward ennobling man's life, lifting it from the sphere of mere physical existence and leading the individual towards freedom.

Albert Einstein
If at first the idea is not absurd, then there is no hope for it.

Albert Einstein
The world we have made as a result of the level of thinking we have done thus far creates problems we cannot solve at the same level of thinking at which we created them.

Albert Einstein
Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by the age of eighteen.

Albert Einstein
The mere formulation of a problem is far more often essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experimental skill. To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advances in science.

Albert Einstein
Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds.

Albert Einstein
Three rules of work
1. Out of clutter, find simplicity.
2. From discord, find harmony.
3. In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity

Albert Einstein
Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.

Albert Einstein
The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious—it is the source of all true art and science.

<img> Goethe
Science and art belong to the whole world, and before them vanish the barriers of nationality.

Carl Sagan :
It is the tension between creativity and skepticism that has produced the stunning and unexpected findings of science.

Julius Sextus Frontinus
Inventions have long since reached their limit, and I see no hope for further development.
–Highly regarded engineer in Rome, 1st century A.D.

Albert Szent-Gyorgi
(Nobel-prize winning biochemist who discovered vitamin C)

And if everybody says that you are wrong, then you are one step ahead. Butthere is one situation which is better still, when everyone begins to laugh about you, then you know you are two steps ahead.


Heraclitus
One cannot step twice into the same river.

Willis Harman and Howard Rheingold
While the rational mind is important, we gain a new perspective when we learn how many of the greatest scientific insights, discoveries, and revolutionary inventions appeared first to their creators as fantasies, dreams, trances, lightening-flash insights, and other non-ordinary states of consciousness.

Kekule, famous for his dream-inspired scientific breakthrough—discovering the molecular structure of benzene, advised his fellow scientists: "Let us learn to dream, gentlemen."

Charles Franklin Kettering (1876-1958) U. S. engineer and inventor.
Whenever you look at a piece of work and you think the fellow was crazy, then you want to pay some attention to that. One of you is likely to be, and you had better find out which one it is. It makes an awful lot of difference.


Dr. Edwin Land
An essential aspect of creativity is not being afraid to fail.

Friedrich Nietzsche
All sciences are now under the obligation to prepare the ground for the future task of the philosopher, which is to solve the problem of value, to determine the true hierarchy of values.

Friedrich Nietzsche
I wish to be at any time hereafter only a yea-sayer!

Friedrich Nietzsche
We must be physicists in order to be creative since so far codes of values and ideals have been constructed in ignorance of physics or even in contradiction to physics.


Friedrich Nietzsche
A thinker sees his own actions as experiments and questions.. as attempts to find out something. Success and failure are for him answers above all.



Friedrich Nietzsche
There are no facts, only interpretations.



Isaac Newton
If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.

Max Planck, the father of quantum theory, felt that the pioneer scientist must have " a vivid intuitive imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction, but by artistically creative imagination."

Max Planck
An important scientific innovation rarely makes its way by gradually winning over and converting its opponents: What does happen is that the opponents gradually die out.
In "Shorter Bartlett's Familiar Quotations," by John Bartlett, 1937, 1980, 1992.

Henri Poincaré, Mathematician
It is by intuition that we discover and by logic we prove.

Plotinus
Knowledge has three degrees—opinion, science, and illumination. The means or instrument of the first is sense; of the second, dialectic; of the third, intuition. This last is absolute knowledge founded on the identity of the mind knowing with the object known.

Francis Marie Arouet de Voltaire (1694-1778) French writer, philosopher.
No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking.

[astro]

http://physicsmathforums.com
http://physicsmathforums.com/showthread.php?t=56 (showthread.php?t=56)
Moving Dimensions Theory:


Objects that travel at the speed of light are not only massless, they
are also timeless and spaceless. This is becuase anything that travels
at the speed of light exists completely within the expanding foruth
dimension, orthogonal to the three spatial dimensions.


The invariant interval ds^2 = 0 along the worldine of a massless object
or a flash of light. There is zero proper time and zero proper
distance along a null world line. --Causality & Relativity, Special
Relativity from Einstein to Strings, Shwartz & Shwartz


So it is that mass is the amount of momenergy that exists in the
spatial dimesnions. Energy is the amount of momenergy that exists in
the fourth moving dimension.


So it is that every particle can be seen as a vector that is rotated
partially in the spatial diemsions and partially in the fourth
expanding dimensions. The conservation of this rotation is the father
fo the conservation of energy and momentum. When energy is added to
the particle, the total momenergy of the particle increases, with the
component of increase existing in the fourth expanding dimension.
Hence the probablity that the particle will be found in the fourth
expaning dimension increases, and the particle propagates faster.
Because the particle exists more in the fourth dimension, it is
effectively rotated out of the three spatial dimensions. And this
results in the lorentz contraction.


Think about it.


The faster a particle moves, the shorter it gets in the three spatial
dimensions.


The more it exists in the fourth expanding dimension, the less it
exists in the three spatial dimensions.


This also concurs perfectly with Einstein's statement that all bodies
maintain a constant velocity of c through spacetime.


MDT supports QM & Einstein's SR & GR, while unifying them within a
consistent framework, and explaining away paradoxes such as Godel's
block universe where nothing woudl ever happen and action at a
distance.


I think there's a Nobel in there somewhere.


http://physicsmathforums.com
http://physicsmathforums.com/showthread.php?t=56 (showthread.php?t=56)